Friday, December 27, 2019

Exercising The Muscles That Build Sentences And Good...

Exercising the Muscles That Build Sentences and Good Business Writing By Mike Consol Jun 23, 2013 The sentence is the building block of writing. It is the component we use to, block by block, assemble a document, story, essay, letter or any other type of writing. But how do we learn to write lucid, effective sentences? One of the students - and teachers - of writing good sentences is Stanley Fish, literary theorist, legal scholar, academic and author of How to Write a Sentence. He argues that the key is to put the elements of a sentence into logical sequence. And there is an exercise, espoused by Fish, that develops the skill required to write sentences with proficiency and far greater ease. In his book, which was the subject of numerous talk shows and sold many copies, Fish puts it this way: You learn how to write sentences by performing exercises, like the exercise of making a sentence out of a random list of words. Everyone can do it. ...As with any skill, this one develops slowly. You start small, with three-word sentences, and after you ve advanced to the point where you can rattle off their structure on demand, you go on to the next step and another exercise. So let s try this exercise. Let try it by using some of the terms I use when conducting this writing exercise with the business people I train. Let s start by having you write a sentence by putting these four objects into a logical sequence of words: baby, Mercedes, sunshine and window. You must, ofShow MoreRelatedTEFL Assignment Answers23344 Words   |  94 Pagessimple notion that, as Native English Speakers, we are accustomed to using the language—our students, on the other hand, are not. So, this preliminary information informs instructors to build classroom environments that encourage and maintain verbal participation from the students. In essence, we are not to build curriculum that reflects the traditional lecture-style of instruction. The best instructors should incorporate more direct—student-centered—methods of instruction. If I were to quantifyRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 Pagesï » ¿Writing Clearly: Grammar for E diting, 3E by Janet Lane and Ellen Lange Table of Contents: Answer Key SECTION 1 UNIT 1 Verb Tenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 UNIT 2 Verb Forms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....7 UNIT 3 Modals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 UNIT 4 Conditional Sentences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 UNIT 5 Passive Voice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....16 UNIT 6 Relative, Adverbial, and Noun Clauses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 UNIT 7 Sentence Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.24 UNIT 8 Word Order†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 UNIT 9 Connecting Words†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreDieting Makes People Fat Essay19490 Words   |  78 Pages WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE DOLL? For me, my favorite doll is stitch. Stitch,aka experiment 626, is one mischievous alien!. Thankfully, he has Lilo around to calm him down. Maybe someday hell know the different between good or bad.I really love him  . Lilo amp; Stitch is a 2002 American animated science fiction/family film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released on June 21, 2002.   Kullasatree 010 3EN   WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE DRINK? I love to drink strawberry yogurt smoothie about 2-3Read MoreA Study on Enhanced Employee Performance Through Soft Skills20707 Words   |  83 PagesSince the project involved confidential concepts and data, she should not divulge or use her findings anywhere outside dZine-Hub. We wish her success in her future endeavours. For dZine-Hub Creations Pvt. Ltd. Fahd Adam Manager - Business Development 2ND FLOOR, PARAGON HOUSE, 48, SEYMOUR GROVE, MANCHESTER M16 0LN PHONE: +44 (161) 408 3726 WEBSITE: WWW.DZINE-HUB.COM Acknowledgement First and foremost, I thank Almighty God for making this project a success. My heartfeltRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesRogers’ pithy observation: â€Å"Common sense ain t common.† In addition, the research reported in the Introduction suggests that, in many cases, managers’ â€Å"common sense† isn’t â€Å"good sense.† The premise of this book and associated course is that the key to effective management practice is practicing what effective managers—those with â€Å"good sense†Ã¢â‚¬â€do consistently. Reason #2: It is consistent with proven principles of effective teaching and learning. A seasoned university professor advised a young colleagueRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAre Sad 107 glOBalization! Should You Expect â€Å"Service with a Smile† All Around the World? 108 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score? 115 An Ethical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123 Ethical Dilemma Happiness Coaches for Employees 123 Case Incident 1 Is It Okay to Cry at Work? 124 Case Incident 2 Can You Read Emotions from Faces? 124 S A L Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesintriguing endeavor through the decades. Still, it is always difficult to abandon interesting cases that have stimulated student discussions and provoked useful insights, but newer case possibilities are ever contesting for inclusion. Examples of good and bad handling of problems and opportunities are forever emerging. But sometimes we bring back an oldie, and with updating, gain a new perspective. For new users, I hope the book will meet your full expectations and be an effective instructionalRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesunderstanding of the grammar of Igbo, which any new publication must take into account. In addition, the English itself has an archaic feel to it and I have sometimes updated rather antiquated expressions. For the present I have left in example sentences referring to long-disappeared stores, such as Kingsway but these will eventually need to be replaced. It was originally prepared in Ibadan and some of the examples reflect this. Cultural and monetary references may well induce nostalgia in thoseRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesis currently working on a book in applied mathematical statistics. He is the recipient of a distinguished teaching award from Cal Poly and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing aRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesa handful of anonymous referees who assisted in the selection of articles for this book. GNG KLN xi This page intentionally left blank Notes on the Contributors The Editors Greg N. Gregoriou is Professor of Finance in the School of Business and Economics at State University of New York (Plattsburgh), USA. He obtained his joint PhD in Finance from the University of Quebec at Montreal, which pools the resources, with Montreal’s three major universities (McGill University, Concordia University

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Dreams Essay - 1006 Words

Dreams Are dreams just the interpretation of the human unconcious mind? Do the dreams humans have represent unfulfilled wishes in there unconcious mind? Are feelings of de ja vue just those unconcious thoughts coming out in dreams and as such being thought of as all ready living that specific moment? All good questions that have plauged pyschologist since the age of Freud. Dreams have been seen in different ways by many different people. Some say that there are signs in dreams that point toward things that my happen in life such as omens. Other psychologist such as Freud say that dreams are just representations of our uncoucious minds at work. The world renowned psycologist also goes on to say, Dreams are just unfulfilled wishes in†¦show more content†¦People usually go from the second stage to the last stage four or five times a night. Though Psycologist havent found exactly what people are dreaming they have found that dreaming does occur in the second stage of the sleep cycle. The only way to measure what people are dreaming is to have them write the dream down and then analyze it(Freud 34). In an experiment conducted by freud on himself, he came up with some interesting findings. The first dream Frued evaluated dealt with a female patient of his. From his writings on his dream he came to find that the dream had been about something he wanted to do. Freud had fallen for one of his nuerosis patients and couldnt tell her because that would break the trust between patient and doctor. The dream contained all the things he secretly felt for his patient. When evaluated by Freud he began to come up with the Hypothesis that dreams are just reflections of our unconcious wants and needs. The only way to remember a dream is to wake up and write exactly what happened on a piece of paper(Freud 17). If the dream is not written down their is a good chance that the dream will be forgotten. A studie was done at stanford university which tried to wake people why they were d reaming and see if they remembered their dreams(Lefton 132). The psycologist recieved good results to prove that waking up durring a dream allows the person to remember the dream better and in more detail. After Freud had been successful with hisShow MoreRelatedDreams And Dreams : Dreams1425 Words   |  6 PagesAvery Alexander English III Mr. Tarr 26 April 2015 Dreams Throughout our dreaming experience, we feel different sensations, emotions, and thoughts interpreted through images in a person’s mind. During our unconscious process, the meanings of our inner thoughts are experienced through dreams. Some psychologists believe dreams are connected to our real emotions and others may see dreams as a specific meaning related to one’s life (Young). Dreams can put us in touch with our real motives in life dueRead MoreDream And Dream - Dream Killers1012 Words   |  5 PagesDream killers You know the type, the ones who think that just because they did not make it, then you can t, the Debbie Downers who can t see beyond their pathetic existence to dream of something bigger. The one who will never achieve much because they fail to dream and dream to fail, these are the dream killers. Conversation #1 You   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am thinking of starting my own business Them   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why you want to do that? You   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Because I have always wanted to work for myself? ThemRead MoreDreams And Dreams1729 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpretations and true meanings of dreams has expanded and has varied over centuries and cultures. Many of the earlier studies were based on culture’s and the interpretation of dreams, but also used as a form of prophecy, inspiration, and guidance. Many people still believe this such, people today beliefs and theories have opened up to a more vast interpretation, they are made up of; dreams are rare brain activity, dreams allow people to reflect on themselves, or that dreams are too massive to be correctlyRead MoreDreams And Dreams1893 Words   |  8 PagesEvery single one of us dreams and each one is experienced at a personal level, but interpreting them and figuring what they actually mean is still a mystery to us all. The histories of dreams, dates all the way back to over 5,000 years ago. These were the times where they would still write things down on clay tablets. Even then, we were already interested in what dr eams meant. During the Greek and Roman eras, dreams were perceived in a religious sense. If they were good dreams, they would be interpretedRead MoreDreams And The Subconscious : Dreams Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesDreams and the Subconscious Are dreams a way of processing life events, or are they really messages from the subconscious? This phenomenon has always interested me, and I am extremely grateful this opportunity has arisen for me to research dreams in more depth. Since childhood, I have been intrigued with dreams and how similar they can be for each person. For instance, many people have recurring nightmares of being chased. According to Huffington Post, being chased is one of the most common dreamsRead MoreDreams : A Lucid Dream1097 Words   |  5 PagesBeing able to understand what dreams represent and how they effect a person should be something everyone should understand. Dreams can be a small glimpse or feel so real that it is unbelievable. The issue people have the most is remembering. They can not remember if they spoke with another individual in actually life or if it was all apart of their dream they had. There is so much confusion that the person is almost embarrassed to ask if the event actually happe ned. A dream like this is considered oneRead MoreThe Dream Of A Lucid Dream1403 Words   |  6 PagesIt is said that a lucid dream is a dream that can be induced or controlled and is characterized by the dreamer being aware that he or she is dreaming (Lucid). When lucidity occurs, the dreamer â€Å"wakes up† inside the dream during fixed states of cognizance. Dreams are caused by things â€Å"†¦our mind knows, however which we cannot handle, is disturbing or something that we keep reiterating to ourselves† (Ganguly). This is why distinguishing significant dream symbols from ambient symbols is important forRead MoreThe Dream Of A Dream Story1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficulties of life after his accident. The dream that can be analyzed in this essay is the idea of being useful in life and towards society; Friedman describes Bret’s process in achieving this dream through the inclusion of characters’ thoughts and actions. This narrative technique rev eals the idea that dreams are not always singular, the people surrounding you can play a crucial role in your dream story, and factors that affect your dream can also change the dreams of surrounding people. Bret’s storyRead MoreDreams : What Are Dreams?1174 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are dreams? Are they the mind’s way of entertaining itself while you sleep, or are they your unconscious trying to tell you something? If you chose the ladder, you are on the right track. The mind can’t talk to you, you don t hear voices in your head unless you are a Schizophrenic. The only way that our unconscious mind has a way to communicate, is when you are asleep. The idea that dreams are trying to tell you something is simple, but understanding what the dream is trying to say can be difficultRead MoreDreams : The Awareness Of Dreams1030 Words   |  5 PagesDreams are stories our mind creates while we are asleep. Dreams can be witty, cheerful, passionate, disturbing, horrific, and downright confusing. All my life I have always wondered what goes on in our brains when we dream. I also have wondered why our brains create dreams. Are dreams something the brain creates to make sens e of what it views so it organizes images into coherent stories. Dream content also varies depending on life experience. A child will dream of candy and toys but an adult will

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Implementation Process After Initial IFRS -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implementation Process After Initial IFRS? Answer: Introducation Goodwill of Brickwork limited is tested on annual basis for the impairment purpose along with other intangible assets. Brickwork limited has conducted impairment testing of its plant, equipment and property and the total amount corresponding to this impairment stood at $ 30 million before taxation. It has been ascertained from the analysis of annual report of company that noncurrent assets have also been tested for impairment in year 2016 and the total amount of impairment is recorded at $ 3046 and $ 62185 in year 2016 and 2017 respectively. Impairment of tangibles and goodwill was done in year 2016 of amount $ 47258. Plant, equipment and property impairment in year 2016 and 2017 stood at $ 3046 million and $ 14927 respectively (brickworks.com.au 2017). The procedure of impairment incorporates assessment of carrying value of assets in the event of indication whether impairment is required. Assets carrying mount is written down to recoverable amount if the estimated recoverable amount is less than carrying amount. For conducting impairment, group performs the allocation of goodwill to the cash-generating unit, the assessment of recoverable amount is done for impairment determination, and to which the goodwill is relating. The assessments of impairment in reference to brand name with indefinite useful lives have been allocated to CGU of Australian bricks (brickworks.com.au 2017). Brickwork limited has not recorded any impairment expense in relation to land and building in financial year 2017 and the total amount of impairment expenses for financial year 2016 and 2017 stood at $ 14927 and 3046 respectively. Impairment expense attributable to plant and equipment for both the financial year stood at $ 3046 million and 13610 million. Impairment expenses for land and building in year 2016 stood at $ 1317 million. No impairment expense has been recorded in relation to intangible assets (brickworks.com.au 2017). For the assessment of non-financial assets carrying amount for determining impairment, management of Brickwork limited is required to make considerable judgments and estimates. Carrying amount of each CGU is supported by valuations that are based on assumptions that are forward looking and they are uncertain by their very nature. All such CGU incorporates intangible assets, goodwill and property, equipment and plant. Estimation of discount rates and future cash flow forms is done by nature and basis of some key assumptions. Value in use formed the basis of recoverable amount of CGU and the computation of value in use involves projection of cash flows, movement of working capital and financial projections. Computation of costs is done by estimating inflation rates and by considering gross historical margin. Valuation of cash flow involves assumption of long-term growth rates (brickworks.com.au 2017). Appropriate discount rate is calculated by using an independent external adviser IAS 36 provides the involvement of substantial subjectivity in the impairment testing procedure for goodwill (Lin and Graham 2017). If an organization practices higher degree of subjectivity in the process of impairment testing, then a scope allows manager to act opportunistically when they tests goodwill for the impairment purpose. Moreover, if the management of organization involves subjectivity in the methodology of impairment testing, then it make somewhat difficult for the users to obtain informations that are appropriate and accurate. Presence of subjectivity makes the measurement of recoverable amount of assets highly sensitive to some unverifiable assumptions. After the evaluation of annual report of Brickwork limited, it has been depicted that there is no involvement of subjectivity in the valuation of impairment and in the methodology of conducting impairment (brickworks.com.au 2017). Management of the group is not acting opportunistically in determining impairment assessme nt. The impairment testing methodology of Brickwork limited has been found to be surprising as there were separate and proper discussion of the impairment testing. Arrangement of the impairment procedures is done in a segregated way so that users of financial statement can derive appropriate information that helps them in identifying whether the recoverable and carrying amount of assets are done by maintaining accuracy. Assessment of impairment relating to goodwill, other intangible assets and assets such as plant, equipment and property is done in separate section that outlines the detailed discussion of their recognition and measurement. Amount of impairment is calculated by group as difference between carrying amount and recoverable amount of the joint ventures and its associates (brickworks.com.au 2017). While assessing the impairment testing process of Brickwork limited, some interesting and new insights have been gained by users of financial statement. Annual report depicts that there has been segregated disclosure of all the components of impairment and this comprise of formation of all key estimates and assumptions and determination of recoverable amount. Recognition and measurement of all the impairments of all assets that is intangible assets, goodwill and property, plant and equipment are done separately so that users do not get confused (brickworks.com.au 2017). Furthermore, there was separate recognition of impairment losses relating to all such assets. In nutshell, it can be said that users of financial stamen of company will be able to gain detailed and proper information about impairment testing method that will assist them in understanding the position of reporting entity in better way. Measurement of investment property and derivative financial instruments are done using fair value. Organization does the grouping of assets and liabilities into level 1 to level 3 if they are measured at fair value if they are measured on degree of observation of fair value. Level 1 fair value are those that are derived from quoted price for identical liabilities and assets. Level 2 fair value measurement are those that derive value from inputs other than quoted price and level 3 are those whose values are derived from valuation techniques (brickworks.com.au 2017). Identification of all liabilities and assets at fair value is depicted in the notes to financial statements and are categorized into the provided levels. Some of the elements of several financial statements that are recorded at fair value involve borrowing, derivatives, foreign currency, government grants and properties. Cost of assets that are acquired is measured at fair value and such costs are directly attributable to business combination (brickworks.com.au 2017). The reason why the former accounting standard for lease does not reflect true economic reality is its underlying principle that does the classification of leases into operating lease and financing lease. Treating leas as operating lease by reporting entity make them disclose it as an expense in the footnotes and treating operating lease as liabilities and assets in the balance sheet. Comparison of operating lease can be done to regular rental agreement and comparing finance lease as debt financed purchase. The criteria for lease recognition under the existing lease standard are ambiguous and there is a possibility of exploitation if organization intends to achieve specific classification (Joubert et al. 2017). Organization might dupe investors my making them appear financial stronger than they actually are by classifying lease contracts as operating lease. It would enable them to obtain assets while maintaining same level of debt. Therefore, the value of debt disclosed on balance she ets might be less than liabilities off balance sheets. Hence, in this regard, it can be said that former lease accounting standard do not reflect true economic reality to users. The former accounting standard does not mandate the disclosure of operating lease in the balance sheet of reporting entity. Due to this principle of the former standard, organization is able to obtain additional assets by classifying lease contracts as operating lease and there will not be any impact on debt structures. It would depict that while organization has more debt in reality but the absence of their disclosure would make it appear to be less leveraged that they actually are. Furthermore, the existing lease standard does not come with control-based approach and are not inclined toward focusing on risks and reward of ownership of lease contracts. Therefore, the true-leased assets and liabilities are not truly reflected in the balance sheets. Consequently, actual leased assets and liabilities might be considerably more than what is disclosed in the balance sheets (Lim et al. 2016). This explains why the off balance sheets liabilities were 66 times more than debt that the balanc e sheets of entity reports. Under the lease standard IAS 17, airline companies keep the liabilities and assets concerning fleet of vehicles and airplanes off balance sheets. Airline Company such As Emirates leases most of their aircraft fleets as compared to its competitor such as German airline Lufthansa that buys most of its fleets might look different in terms of their financial obligations (Morales and Zamora 2017). However, in reality, their financial obligations are similar and there do not exist much difference. The off balance sheet treatment of leases has the possibility of significantly influencing analysts and investors (Irvine 2016). It has also been ascertained from some sources of secondary research that leases most of its aircraft fleets have lower financial leverage and lower assets base compared to companies that leases few aircrafts. However, the scenario is different and the absence of information of lease would make it difficult for investors to make a comparison between such airline compani es. This explains why there were no level playing fields between airline companies under existing lease standard. Several criticisms that are associated with the new lease accounting standard are the reason for becoming unpopular. Balance sheets and debt structure of companies will increase as the focus of new standard is on operating lease capitalization. There exists possibility of violation of debt covenants due to hundred percent increases in balance sheets. Other criticism is in relation to short-term lease that new standard will replace the existing bright line between finance and operating leases (DiSalvio and Dorata 2014). This is so because companies for taking advantage of short-term lease would start shortening terms of lease and this corresponds to operating lease. It has been found that with the effectiveness of new standard, it will be difficult for companies to receive financing from banks, as there will be lower return on capital, lower asset turnover ratios and debt to equity ratios. Furthermore, unpopularity of new lease standard is also associated with considerable increase in administrative burden. Some of the common examples relating to this involve implementation of new IT system, changes in process and control system along with updating of the accounting system and increases expenditure in relation to consultation fees. Management is required to make investment in large amount of new IT systems and increased reporting time and complexities of management (Choubey 2016). It is so because organization under new standard that is IFRS 16 will be required to make more detailed estimates regarding the right to use assets and lease liabilities compared to IAS 17. ccounting standard IFRS 16 will eliminate all the subjective elements and lessees are required to depict most of lease on their balance sheets as liabilities and assets. There is the likelihood that some of the performance metrics such as cash from operations, earnings before interest, tax and depreciation and all in sustaining costs. Users and investors will accurately identify distinction between operating lease and financing lease under new lease. Some of the benefits that will be derived by companies from the implementation of new leasing standard incorporate flexible funding structures, reduction in cash flow due to residual value investment, cost effective funding compared to traditional funding, avoidance of disposal and ownership (Cheng 2015). Investors will be able to make better-informed decisions as they will not be required to make any rough estimation and calculation for operating the lease commitments of organization on to balance sheets. Comparison between the organiza tions will be facilitated and there will be more transparency that will help investors in making desirable investment decisions. In the former standard, most of entities used to treat lease as operating lease so that their overall debt structure remains same and they do not appear to be more leveraged (Barone et al. 2014). However, obligation of entity to make disclosure of all their liabilities and assets will reflect their actual financial position and lease commitments. It would lead management to make a better and balanced lease versus buy decisions. References list: Barone, E., Birt, J. and Moya, S., 2014. Lease accounting: a review of recent literature. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), pp.35-54. Biddle, G.C., Callahan, C.M., Hong, H.A. and Knowles, R.L., 2016. Do Adoptions of International Financial Reporting Standards Enhance Capital Investment Efficiency?. Brickworks.com.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.brickworks.com.au/IRM/content/annualreport/2017/files/assets/common/downloads/Brickworks%20Limited%20Interactive%20Annual%20Report%202017.pdf [Accessed 24 Jan. 2018]. Cheng, J., 2015. Small and Medium Sized Entities Managements Perspective on Principles-Based Accounting Standards on Lease Accounting. Technology and Investment, 6(01), p.71. Choubey, S., 2016. IFRS 16 Leases. The MA Journal, 51(2), pp.91-94. Dinh, T., Fink, C., Schultze, W. and Schabert, B., 2016. Leasingbilanzierung nach IFRS 16. PIR-Praxis der internationalen Rechnungslegung, (9), pp.235-243 DiSalvio, J. and Dorata, N.T., 2014. Lease accounting change: it's not over yet. Review of Business, 35(1), p.16. Florou, A., Kosi, U. and Pope, P.F., 2017. Are international accounting standards more credit relevant than domestic standards?. Accounting and Business Research, 47(1), pp.1-29. Irvine, J., 2016. IFRS 16 will bring $2.8 trn on to companies balance sheets, Economia, 13 januari. Tillgnglig online: https://economia. icaew. com/news/january-2016/ifrs-16-will-bring-2trn-pounds-on-balance-sheet.[Hmtat 2016-02-04]. January, I., 2016. the IASB issued IFRS 16, Leases. The new standard brings most leases on-balance sheet for. Joubert, M., Garvie, L. and Parle, G., 2017. Implications of the New Accounting Standard for Leases AASB 16 (IFRS 16) with the Inclusion of Operating Leases in the Balance Sheet. Journal of New Business Ideas and Trends, 15(2), pp.1-11. Lim, S.C., Mann, S.C. and Mihov, V.T., 2014. Market Recognition of the Accounting Disclosure and Economic Benefits of Operating Leases: Evidence from Borrowing Costs and Credit Ratings. Lin, K.C. and Graham, R.C., 2017. How Will the New Lease Accounting Standard Affect the Relevance of Lease Asset Accounting?. Mhedhbi, K., Mhedhbi, K., Zeghal, D. and Zeghal, D., 2016. Adoption of international accounting standards and performance of emerging capital markets. Review of Accounting and Finance, 15(2), pp.252-272. Morales-Daz, J. and Zamora-Ramrez, C., 2017. Effects of IFRS 16 on Key Financial Ratios: A New Methological Approach. Osei, E., 2017. THE FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB), AND THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (IASB) SINGS SIMILAR TUNE: COMPARING THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF NEW IFRS 16 WITH THE IAS 17, AND THE NEW FASB MODEL ON LEASES. Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, 13(1). Picker, R., Clark, K., Dunn, J., Kolitz, D., Livne, G., Loftus, J. and Van der Tas, L., 2016. Applying international financial reporting standards. John Wiley Sons. Plotnikov, V.S., Plotnikova, O.V. and Melnikov, V.I., 2017. O teoreticheskikh aspektakh Mezhdunarodnogo standarta MSFO (IFRS) 16 Arenda[On the theoretical aspects of the International Standard IFRS 16 Lease]. Mezhdunarodnyi bukhgalterskii uchetInternational accounting, (1), pp.2-15. Sari, E.S., Altintas, A.T. and Ta?, N., 2016. The Effect of the IFRS 16: Constructive Capitalization of Operating Leases in the Turkish Retailing Sector. Simola, K., 2014. Successful IFRS standard change implementation process after the initial IFRS implementation. 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Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Negotiation School Boundaries Proposal

Introduction The Miami School District has announced that it will redraw its school boundaries due to unexpected increments in enrollment. As a result, parents have raised their concerns on several matters.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation: School Boundaries Proposal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a plan to address stakeholder’s concerns with the aim of identifying stakeholders, developing a negotiation strategy, and determining how ethics and culture influence decisions in the plan. Who are the stakeholders? It is imperative that we identity all affected stakeholders of the Miami District School in the plan. This shall enable involvement of all stakeholders in decision-making and negotiation. Stakeholders have a stake in the public school system or may include people or groups affected by changes in school boundaries. It is necessary to target only affected stakeholders in order to av oid wasting of resources. Key stakeholders in the Miami District School include: Students Administrative staff Teachers Parents Other affected stakeholders include: Private foundations or other charitable organizations Faith communities Local government School elected officials Neighborhood watch Youth organizations Business community Social and health service providers Alumnus We have to consider these entire stakeholders because of the role of the public school in the community. The school shapes the intelligence of learners and helps in solving problems among students. In the community, the school shapes community values, and this explains why broad ranges of community-based organizations are part of the stakeholders. What negotiation strategy do you use to support the school board’s need to redraw the boundaries while addressing the concerns of the stakeholders? Collaboration is the best approach to apply to aid the school board’s proposal to change the school boundaries and deal with issues of all parties. Collaboration entails working together in order to deliver a win-win situation for all. It enables all stakeholders to generate creative ideas for concerns raised.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Collaboration shall provide effective solutions to all stakeholders in the negotiation because it addresses all concerns of stakeholders. It also handles processes, programs, and outcomes of the negotiation. Collaboration requires the school board to look at its processes of redrawing the boundaries and outcomes of such processes. This process must address concerns of parents and other stakeholders. Collaboration can only be effective in addressing the needs of all stakeholders if it is inclusive and democratic. Therefore, any attempts to exclude any stakeholder in the processes can derail the entire process. At the same time, negotiat ion must be fair to all parties, including minority groups. Studies have suggested that including all stakeholders in a collaborative negotiation process brings credibility to the process (London, 2012). In addition, support from high-levels leaders can only ensure the success of the process. Barbara Gray notes that meaningful collaboration occurs if all stakeholders are interdependent. Therefore, collaboration fosters the spirit of give-and-take among various stakeholders, which none can attain if they work separately. As a result, all school stakeholders shall depend on one another in order to find mutually beneficial outcomes. The collaboration process at the school negotiation should take three phases. The first phase should involve identification of problems and stakeholders’ concerns. This is the most difficult stage in the negotiation. At this stage, the school stakeholders should focus on six issues. All stakeholder must define the problems and have shared definition s and their effects on different stakeholders All parties must agree to collaborate Parties must also identify all other stakeholders to ensure success of the school boundaries plan All parties must agree on the relevance of other stakeholders’ concerns The parties must a leader that can bring them together All stakeholders should identify resources and inputs they require for the success of the process. In the second phase, all school stakeholders must identify issues, interests, differences, and set direction in order to create a shared goal of redrawing the school boundaries. In this stage, we look at the following aspects of negotiation. Creating rules of negotiation Setting agendas for negotiation Creating sub-groups to cater for large numbers of stakeholders Holding joint discussions Exploring pros and cons of all suggested alternatives Finding the most appropriate solutions and establishing a course of action The final phase involves implementation of the outcomes. It entails the following processes:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation: School Boundaries Proposal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All stakeholders handle their members Those who shall implement the outcomes seek consensus and support from the rest of the stakeholders Stakeholders create structures of implementing the school boundaries All stakeholders implementation processes to ensure compliance Collaboration in negotiation shall ensure that all stakeholders of the school have best ways of implementing the proposed changes. It allows people to share ideas and establish common grounds for all. At the same time, it enables stakeholders to get the necessary supports during various stages of implementing changes at the school. How do ethics and culture affect your decision? Cultural practices and values shape schools. Schools show the norm of communities that around them. Therefore, ethics and cultural consideration must refer to concerns of parents and other stakeholders. Quality of education Parents have expressed their concerns about the quality of education due to redrawing of the school boundaries. The quality of education may decline if students attend various schools. During negotiation processes, the school and educators must assure parents and students that the standard of education shall improve because of the redrawing of the boundaries. The school district must let parents and students know that all teachers have the right qualifications and have undergone background checks before joining schools. Increased travel time All stakeholders must acknowledge that the amount of travelling time to reach new schools shall increase significantly. Parents and students must alter their programs in order to account for new alterations. This implies that such changes shall also affect their time management, and they must accommodate such changes. It important for stakeholders to no te that students learning shall continue as scheduled. The most fundamental factor is that students will receive education of high quality in new schools. Crossing Economic and Cultural Boundaries School stakeholders must understand various cultures and economic factors, which shall affect teachers, parents, students, and administrative staff. It is crucial for the school board to understand both culture and economic situations of their students and parents. Parents consider both cultural and economic factors as important when choosing schools for their children. However, Lewicki, Saunders, and Barry argue that judgments on cultural and economic grounds are inappropriate and unethical (Lewicki, Saunders and Barry, 2006). The school board must let parents realize the importance of various cultures in school and community settings.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Affect on Property Value Movements shall affect the value of the property in the area. Still, parents may move close to schools where their children relocate. Schools with good performance also have high values. Therefore, school board must address property value issues in affluent areas, which may affect parents. Social Affects Students may also have troubles in readjusting to the new school environments. Sudden changes are not favorable for students who have challenges in relating to their peers. Schools also promote community cultures around them. This means that students will have to adjust to various cultures of new schools and communities. Parents have diverse opinions about different areas of Miami. As a result, some parents may oppose such relocation. Miami district school board must allow parents to gain access to other forms of education and training programs.  Effective negotiation must address concerns of all key stakeholders and other interested parties. This implies that stakeholders must find suitable methods of implementing the proposed changes through a collaborative negotiation. Therefore, the school board must have valid reasons for redrawing the school boundaries. The school board must present all benefits of redrawing the school boundaries. This shall ensure that the proposed changes get approvals from parents and other stakeholders.  The aim of redrawing the school boundary is to ensure at the Miami District School provides quality education. Therefore, the school board must ensure that parents, students, and other stakeholders understand the goal of redrawing the boundaries. A collaborative strategy shall enable all stakeholders to have win-win outcomes from the negotiation. Effective implementation of outcomes shall ensure that all stakeholders achieve their desired goals. Therefore, all parties must have the power to implement outcomes of the negotiation. References Lewicki, R., Saunders, D., and Barry, B. (2006). Negotiation (5th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. London, S. (2012). Building Collaborative Communities. On Collaboration, 2012, 1-4. This essay on Negotiation: School Boundaries Proposal was written and submitted by user Reece Diaz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.